2018年7月6日，《光明日报》、《光明网》第16版“光明文化周末·雅趣”栏目，头条刊发《一带一路与葫芦文化》文章，作者扈庆学(笔名：扈鲁)，出生在沂蒙山区“葫芦崖”脚下《沂蒙山小调》诞生地，因古代曾称葫芦为扈鲁，遂以此为笔名，寓意扈姓鲁人。现为曲阜师范大学副校长、美术学教授、研究生导师，中国民俗学会理事，当代“葫芦画派”创始人，著名画家，葫芦文化研究著名学者。
曲阜师范大学副校长、美术学教授、研究生导师扈庆学
On July 6, 2018, an article titled "Belt and Road and Gourd Culture" hit the headline of Guangming Culture Weekend · Yaqu Column on the 16th layout of Guangming Daily and Guangming Net. Hu Qingxue (pen name: Hulu), the author, was born in the birthplace of "The canzonet of Yimeng Mountainous Area. Since gourd was called hulu in ancient times, he used Hu Lu as his pseudonym to symbolize his surname "Hu" and his identity as a native of Shandong (commonly known as Lu in short). Hu Lu, currently the Vice President of Qufu Normal University, is a professor of fine arts, MA supervisor, director of the Chinese Folklore Society, founder of the contemporary "Gourd Painting School", famous painter, and renowned scholar of gourd culture research.
葫芦谐音“福禄”，代表着中国人对美好生活的向往，是民族文化基因的重要组成部分。季羡林在对刘尧汉先生所著文章《论中华葫芦文化》的评述中提到，“我国民族确属兄弟民族，具有共同的原始葫芦文化传统”。葫芦外形柔和圆润、线条流畅，上下球体浑然天成，符合“尚和合”“求大同”的理念。“左瓢右瓢，可盛千百福禄；大肚小肚，能容天下万物”，葫芦蕴含着多层次的吉祥文化，幸福、平安、和谐、多子等。可以说，葫芦身上凝结着中华优秀传统文化的精髓。
fulu, the homophonic word of hulu (gourd) in some dialects, represents Chinese people's longing for a better life, which is an important part of the national cultural genes. Ji Xianlin, a famous Chinese scholar, mentioned in his commentary on Liu Yaohan's article "On Chinese Gourd Culture" that "ethnic groups in China are indeed closely tied and have a common gourd culture tradition." The natural and elegant outline of gourd embodies the idea of “appreciating and pursing harmony”. "Both the left and right gourd ladles can hold thousands of fortunes; both the upper globe and the lower globe can accommodate all things in the world". The gourd contains a multi-level auspicious culture, indicating happiness, peace, harmony, more children, etc. It can be said that the gourd exemplifies the essence of excellent traditional Chinese culture.
其实，不仅我国人民喜爱葫芦，“一带一路”的许多沿线国家人民都对葫芦与葫芦文化有共同的情感基础。一般认为葫芦的原产地是非洲，我国人民与非洲人民均有源远流长的葫芦种植历史。同时，历史文献表明，印度人民对葫芦“多子多孙”的文化寓意与中国人民有共识，这一点可以由季羡林先生所翻译的印度大史诗《罗摩衍那》第一篇第三十七章第十七首诗所记载的“须摩底呢，虎般的人！生出来了一个长葫芦，人们把葫芦一打破，六万个儿子从里面跳出”，给予证实。蒙古的民间故事《金鹰》同样表明，葫芦在蒙古民间具有繁衍生息的含义。葫芦作为日用品和吉祥工艺品，受到“一带一路”沿线各国人民广泛喜爱。中亚的阿富汗人惯用葫芦做喜庆场合用的化妆品容器和鼻烟壶。在以色列、土耳其和一些阿拉伯国家，常见葫芦用作烟具和装饰工艺品。甚至在美国、日本、南美洲诸国，均可见到葫芦文化的踪迹。
In fact, not only do Chinese people love the gourd, many people along "the Belt and Road" have a common love for the gourd and gourd culture. It is generally believed that the origin of gourds is Africa, and there has been a long history for the Chinese and African people to grow gourds. At the same time, historical documents show that the Indian people also regard the gourd as an embodiment of “prosperity of descendants”, which is verified in Ji Xianlin's translation of Ramayana, the great India epic. In the seventeenth poem of chapter thirty-seven of the first part of that epic, it reads, "Sumati, a tiger-like person, gave birth to a long-shaped gourd. When people broke the gourd, sixty thousand babies jumped out of it". Gold Eagle, the folktale of Mongolia, also shows that gourd is an embodiment of breeding in Mongolia. As daily necessities and auspicious handicrafts, gourds are loved by people from all walks of life in countries along the “Belt and Road”. Afghans in Central Asia have the habit of making cosmetic containers and snuff bottles out of gourds on festive occasions. In Israel, Turkey and some Arab countries, gourds are commonly used as smoking sets and decorative handicrafts. Gourd culture also boasts a long history in the United States, Japan, and South American countries.
由此可见，葫芦文化可以成为连接“一带一路”沿线国家的文化纽带之一。众所周知，尽管“一带一路”的倡议是开放包容的，但沿线涉及许多个国家，且其范围还在不断扩大，各国在政治体制、宗教制度、经济发展模式等方面尚存在较大差异，亟需共同的文化载体作为交流与合作的桥梁。中国与其他各国在葫芦实体、葫芦工艺造型的爱好，以及葫芦文化内涵的审美习惯等各方面均存在共识，这种依附在葫芦载体上的文化“共通性”非常宝贵。以葫芦等传统文化作为切入点，加强民间交流，可以为“一带一路”沿线国家之间建立互信、开展合作奠定基础。
In this sense, gourd culture could be a tie binding the countries along the Belt and Road. As everyone knows, the Belt and Road initiative is open and inclusive, and its scope is still expanding. However, countries involved still bear large differences in political systems, religious systems, and economic development models. Under such circumstance, a common cultural carrier will serve as a bridge for communication and cooperation for these countries along the road. China and other countries have consensus on the gourd entity, the gourd craftsmanship and the aesthetic habits of the gourd culture. This cultural "commonness" attached to gourd is very valuable. Based on gourd culture and other traditional culture, we can strengthen non-governmental exchanges to lay the foundation for building mutual trust and enhancing cooperation among countries along the “Belt and Road”.
中国有着悠久而成熟的传统葫芦文化。在中国，葫芦的种植历史和被作为图腾崇拜的历史十分悠久。距今七千年前的浙江河姆渡遗址，曾出土过葫芦种子，而《诗经·大雅·绵》中有“绵绵瓜瓞，民之初生”的诗句记载。不仅国内学者有大量的葫芦文化研究文献，而且基于中国葫芦文化的影响力，国外的葫芦专家也非常重视研究中国的葫芦文化。如德国的吴森吉著有《葫芦在中国文化上的用途》一文，日本的小南一郎（1991）、田分直一（1981）分别写出关于中国葫芦神话的《壶中的宇宙》与《祭壶村——台湾民俗志》等文章。中国的传统葫芦文化已被公认为世界葫芦文化中的瑰宝。另外，目前中国葫芦文化产业在资本、市场以及人才方面均具备了一定的产业基础。中国的葫芦文化产业专业人才存量大，主要包括葫芦栽培、剪纸、雕刻等领域的能工巧匠，以及设计师、画家、民俗学家、收藏家等葫芦文化方面的专家。中国葫芦原料的质量与工艺造型技术享誉海外，其文化产品的营销基础较好。
Gourd culture boasts a long history in China, where gourd has long been planted and worshipped as a totem. Some gourd seeds have been unearthed at Hemudu Site in Zhejiang Province, which enjoys a history of 7000 years. There are also poems like "our people and our descendants grow and prosper, just like the spreading gourds" in the Book of Songs. Chinese gourd culture is not only widely studied by Chinese scholars, but also gaining attention from foreign experts studying gourd culture for its great influence. For example, a German scholar called Wu Senji once wrote the article "Significance of Gourd in Chinese Culture". Japanese scholars Kominami Ichiro (1991) and Kokubu Naoichi (1981) respectively wrote about the Chinese gourd myth in articles "The Universe in the Pot" and "Pot as Sacrifice--Taiwan Folklore Ethnography". Traditional Chinese gourd culture has been recognized as a treasure in the world's gourd culture. In addition, the current Chinese gourd culture industry enjoys the necessary capital, market and talents. China's gourd culture industry has a large stock of professionals, mainly including skilled craftsmen in the fields of gourd cultivation, paper-cutting and engraving, as well as experts on gourd culture such as designers, painters, folklorists and collectors. The quality of Chinese gourd raw materials and the exquisite workmanship are well-known overseas, and the marketing basis of its cultural products is good.
古人云，“道生之，德畜之，物行之，势成之”。在“一带一路”倡议下，中国的葫芦文化可以发扬光大，和其他中国优秀传统文化一起形成合力，增进沿线国家民心相通。
As an old proverb says, "All things are produced by the Tao, and nourished by its outflowing operation. They receive their forms according to the nature of each, and are completed according to the circumstances of their condition". Under the “Belt and Road” initiative, China’s gourd culture can be carried forward and form a synergy with other excellent Chinese traditional cultures to enhance people-to-people connectivity along the road.
来源:韩国新华网（作者：扈庆学，系曲阜师范大学副校长、教授，研究生导师）